![]() ![]() Medial Malleolus fracture in which the medial malleolus, the inner part of the ankle, is fractured.Lateral Malleolus fracture in which the lateral malleolus, the outer part of the ankle is fractured.The different types of ankle fractures are: Types of FracturesĪnkle fractures are classified according to the location and type of ankle bone involved. In cases of severe fracture, deformity around the ankle joint is clearly visible where bone may protrude through the skin. In some cases, blood may accumulate around the joint, a condition called hemarthrosis. With an ankle fracture, there is immediate swelling and pain around the ankle as well as impaired mobility. CausesĪnkle fractures occur from excessive rolling and twisting of the ankle, usually occurring from an accident or activities such as jumping or falling causing sudden stress to the joint. The ankle joint is stabilized by different ligaments and other soft tissues, which may also be injured during an ankle fracture. Ankle fracture is a painful condition where there is a break in one or more bones forming the ankle joint. Pain after ankle injuries can either be from a torn ligament and is called ankle sprain or from a broken bone which is called ankle fracture. The joint is protected by a fibrous membrane called a joint capsule, and filled with synovial fluid to enable smooth movement.Īnkle injuries are very common in athletes and in people performing physical work, often resulting in severe pain and impaired mobility. The ends of the fibula and tibia (lower leg bones) form the inner and outer malleolus, which are the bony protrusions of the ankle joint that you can feel and see on either side of the ankle. Large or displaced fractures may require operative treatment.The ankle joint is composed of three bones: the tibia, fibula, and talus which are articulated together. Small nondisplaced fracture: nonweight-bearing with compressive dressing or NWBSLC for four to six weeks Lateral radiograph (an accessory ossicle, the calcaneus secondarium, may be present) Point tenderness over the calcanealcuboid joint (approximately 1 cm inferior and 3 to 4 cm anterior to the lateral malleolus) Inversion with plantar flexion can lead to an avulsion fracture.įorced dorsiflexion compression fracture. Tenderness to deep palpation between the medial malleolus and the Achilles tendonĭifficult with standard views an oblique ankle radiograph taken with the foot placed in 40 degrees of external rotation has been successful. Posterior talar process (medial tubercle) Large or displaced fragments or persistent symptoms: operative treatment Minimally displaced fracture: NWBSLC for four to six weeks Lateral radiograph (an accessory ossicle, the os trigonum, may be present) Tenderness to deep palpation anterior to the Achilles tendon over posterolateral talus Posterior talar Process (lateral tubercle) Large or displaced fragments: operative treatment Small fragment with <2 mm Displacement: NWBSLC for four to six weeks Mortise view lateral view may show subtalar effusion Point tenderness over the lateral process (anterior and inferior to the lateral malleolus) Stage I, II, or III (see Table 3): NWBSLC for six weeks Stage IV (see Table 3): surgical treatment Tenderness posterior to the medial malleolus, along the posterior border of the talusĪP view: deep, cup-shaped lesion initial radiograph can be normal because changes in subchondral bone may not develop for weeks. Inversion with plantar flexion or atraumatic Stage III or IV (see Table 3), or persistent symptoms: surgical Treatment Stage I or II (see Table 3): NWBSLC for six weeks Mortise view: shallow, wafer-shaped lesion Tenderness anterior to the lateral malleolus, along the anterior border of the talus Computed tomographic scans or magnetic resonance imaging may be required because these fractures are difficult to detect on plain films. Delays in treatment can result in long-term disability and surgery. These fractures can often be managed nonsurgically with nonweight-bearing status and a short leg cast worn for approximately four weeks. Posterior talar process fractures are often associated with tenderness to deep palpation anterior to the Achilles tendon over the posterolateral talus, and plantar flexion may exacerbate the pain. Lateral talar process fractures are characterized by point tenderness over the lateral process. Fractures of the talar dome may be medial or lateral, and they are usually the result of inversion injuries, although medial injuries may be atraumatic. However, the clinical presentation of subtle fractures can be similar to that of ankle sprains, and these fractures are frequently missed on initial examination. Most ankle injuries are straightforward ligamentous injuries. ![]()
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